Survey 27 – Cardio – Meganeuron

Survey 27 - Cardio - Meganeuron

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Vitamin B/D3 deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and their impact on cardiovascular health

Section 1: Vitamin Deficiency & Hyperhomocysteinemia Basics

1. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is most strongly associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia?

Vitamin A & E

Vitamin B12, B9 (Folate), B6

Vitamin C & K

Vitamin D alone

2. Vitamin D3 deficiency exacerbates cardiovascular risk by:

Promoting endothelial dysfunction & inflammation

Lowering LDL cholesterol

Increasing HDL levels

Reducing blood pressure

Section 2: Vitamin Deficiency & Hyperhomocysteinemia Basics

1. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for:

Atherosclerosis & arterial thrombosis

Asthma exacerbations

Liver cirrhosis

Migraine headaches

2. Hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to endothelial damage primarily via:

Oxidative stress & reduced nitric oxide bioavailability

Vasodilation

Increased HDL synthesis

Enhanced collagen production

3. Which cardiac condition is most strongly linked to elevated homocysteine levels?

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Atrial fibrillation

Pericardial effusion

Myocarditis

4. In stroke patients, Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with:

Higher risk of ischemic stroke & recurrence

Reduced infarct size

Improved clot resolution

Lower mortality

Section 3: Diagnosis & Screening

1. The gold-standard test for diagnosing Hyperhomocysteinemia is:

Fasting plasma homocysteine level

Serum creatinine

Lipid profile

ECG

2. At what homocysteine level (μmol/L) is cardiovascular risk considered significantly elevated?

Less than 15 μmol/L

More than 5 μmol/L

5–10 μmol/L

Less than 30 μmol/L

3. Vitamin B12 deficiency is often missed because:

Symptoms overlap with other conditions (e.g., neuropathy, fatigue)

it always presents with macrocytic anaemia

Serum B12 levels are highly reliable

It is rare in Indian populations

4. Vitamin D3 supplementation in Hyperhomocysteinemia patients may help by:

Improving endothelial function & reducing inflammation

Increasing homocysteine levels

Lowering HDL cholesterol

Promoting thrombosis

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